New Film Recounts Latina-Led Fight Over Military Sexual Abuse
By Suzanne Gordon and Steve Early
Two years ago, city hall plaza in our hometown, Richmond, CA., was the scene of a protest vigil organized by Estefany Sanchez and her two sisters. Estefany is a Richmond resident and an Army veteran whose experience of sexual harassment in the military led her to identify strongly with the tragic case of Vanessa Guillen, a 20-year old soldier at Fort Hood in Killeen, Texas.
Guillen was sexually harassed by fellow soldiers, at a base with one of the highest rates of sexual assault, sexual trafficking, suicide, and murder anywhere in the military. Her complaints to superior officers were repeatedly ignored before she was killed while at work in an armory on the base. Guillen’s assailant, Aaron Robinson, then secretly moved, dismembered, and buried her body with the help of a civilian accomplice still awaiting trial. After escaping from military custody, Robinson became one of more than 70 suicides at Fort Hood since 2016.
The Sanchez sisters’ Bay Area demonstration was part of a grassroots movement to challenge and change the toxic work environment that many young soldiers encounter, even if they are never deployed abroad or serve in a combat zone.
Protestors around the country demanded Congressional action to better protect victims of military sexual assault and harassment. Some also angrily questioned the targeting of working-class communities by military recruiters, who encourage young people to enlist based on the promise of secure employment, job training, career advancement, and future access to affordable higher education through the GI Bill.
An Oscar Contender?
This Latina-led campaign for military justice reform is now vividly recounted in a new movie called I Am Vanessa Guillen. Produced and directed by Christy Wegener, the film takes its name from a now-viral hashtag created by Guillen’s family to draw attention to her disappearance, which remained an unsolved mystery for several months, in 2020, due to a bungled investigation by the Army.
In the “Me Too” era, Vanessa Guillen’s real-life story will be a strong contender for an Oscar, in the best documentary category. Its Nov. 17 release by Netflix could not be timelier. Despite promising a workplace free from harassment and discrimination, the Department of Defense just disclosed that nearly 36,000 female service members reported unwanted sexual contact in 2021, a 13% increase over the year before and double the number in 2018.
Other studies have found that one in four women in the military have been sexually assaulted. Even former U.S. Senator Martha McSally, the first female fighter pilot to serve in combat and a conservative Republican from Arizona, was subjected to such treatment.
An advocacy group called Protect Our Defenders, reports that 44 percent of the service members it surveyed about their sexual harassment complaints were encouraged to drop the issue. Another 41 percent said that the superior officer to whom they reported an incident took no action. Despite the steady increase in sexual assault cases, conviction rates have plummeted by almost 60% since 2015. In 2018-19, for example, there were 5,699 reports of sexual assault but only 363 (6.4%) of those cases were tried by court martial, and just 138 (2.4%) resulted in convictions.
I Am Vanessa Guillen shows how a vibrant young woman, from an immigrant family, became the human face of such statistics. She was part of a 21st century influx of women into the armed forces that was initially lauded as an unqualified victory for gender equality. During the last two decades, 300,000 women were deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan and, today, female soldiers comprise 16 percent of the active duty military. Women are also the fastest growing cohort of military veterans, representing about ten percent of a total population of 19 million.
Unfortunately, joining the military has proven to be more harmful than beneficial to many young women. Some who experience military sexual trauma (MST) have even been given “other than honorable” discharges which can deprive them of VA healthcare coverage when they return to civilian life.
Despite promising a workplace free from harassment and discrimination, the Department of Defense just disclosed that nearly 36,000 female service members reported unwanted sexual contact in 2021, a 13% increase over the year before and double the number in 2018.
The popular uproar over Guillen’s disappearance and death led then-Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy to create an independent panel to determine whether Fort Hood was living up to the Army’s commitment to “safety, respect, inclusiveness, and diversity.” Investigators interviewed more than five hundred female soldiers and found that ninety-three had credible accounts of sexual assault, but only fifty-nine had been reported.
A Fort Hood Scandal
McCarthy agreed there were “major flaws” in a command structure so “permissive of sexual harassment and sexual assault.” The top officer in charge of the 55,000 troops at Fort Hood was removed and disciplined along with 20 others. But thanks to the tireless agitation of Vanessa Guillen’s mother and her two sisters, Congress was also forced to confront the problem of local commanders covering up misconduct on their watch–a phenomena long criticized by U.S. Rep. Jackie Speier (D-CA), an advocate for military justice reform since 2011.
By May 2021, sixty Senators (including Dianne Feinstein) favored a bill co-sponsored by Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) and Joni Ernst (R-IA), a retired National Guard lieutenant general and past victim of domestic abuse. It would have transferred decision-making power about a wide range of cases, including some hate crimes, to a specially trained team of uniformed prosecutors operating outside the chain of command.
In the Senate, two military veterans on the Armed Services Committee, Rhode Island Democrat Jack Reed and Oklahoma Republican James Inhofe, fought to narrow the scope of the legislation, limiting it to sexual assault cases only. In I Am Vanesssa Guillen, Reed makes the factually challenged claim that “the basic instinct of the military is to protect your colleagues and subordinates, not to exploit them.”
In December, 2021, after similar pushback from Joe Biden’s Secretary of Defense, General Lloyd Austin, Congress passed a watered-down version of military justice reform. Although it did empower a new cadre of “special victim prosecutors” to handle cases involving sexual assault, rape, murder, and domestic violence, court-martial authority was left within the chain of command. At the time, Gillibrand described this compromise as a “disservice to our service members.”
In the film, Gillebrand explains why further Congressional action is still needed. “Being able to offer discharges, deciding which evidence is allowed, which expert witness is called, and even just deciding judge, jury, prosecutor, and defense counsel—it’s all still sitting with Commander So-and-So.”
That’s why Gillebrand, Feinstein, and others in the Senate are trying again to honor the memory of Vanessa Guillen. They have introduced the Sexual Harassment Independent Investigations and Prosecutions (SHIIP) Act. It would transfer responsibility for handling sexual harassment cases from military commanders to the new special trial attorneys, who can gather evidence and decide what cases to pursue without political interference.
Hopefully, with or without an Academy Award, I Am Vanessa Guillen will keep the spotlight on members of Congress and the Biden Administration who fail to provide women in uniform with the additional legal protection they so obviously need.
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Remembering Fred Ross Jr., One of Nation’s Leading Labor and Social Movement Organizers
By Louis Freedberg
Fred Ross, one of the nation’s leading labor organizers who began his work at an early age in the lettuce fields of California alongside Cesar Chavez, but whose work had an impact far beyond labor organizing on both a national and international level, has died.
He played a pivotal role in successful efforts to propel Congressional action to change policies propping up oppressive governments in Central America, advocating to accelerate the naturalization of legal immigrants in the US, and in getting House Speaker Nancy Pelosi elected to Congress for the first time.
He died of cancer at his home in Berkeley, California, just weeks after celebrating his 75th birthday and receiving tributes from hundreds of friends and colleagues.
One tribute came from former U.S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich. “You have comforted the afflicted, and afflicted the comfortable,” he told Ross. “Your boldness and vision have been a source of inspiration to me and huge number of other people, working for social justice, labor unions, and the hopes and dreams so many people have for a better life.”
Ross’ brilliance was to take what he learned from Chavez as well as his father, Fred Ross Sr., himself a legendary organizer, combine those lessons with a savvy use of the media and field campaigns of local volunteers, to put pressure on state governments and Congress to advance a variety of causes – and when necessary, help elect candidates sympathetic to those causes.
One of those candidates was Pelosi, then a leader in the Democratic National Committee. Using some of the techniques learned in his work with the United Farm Workers, he organized the Get Out the Vote campaign for her first successful run for Congress in 1987 in San Francisco. Ten years later he joined forces again with Pelosi as her district director in her Congressional office in San Francisco.
“I personally benefited from Fred’s organizational mastery: translating his policy goals into effective political action. Without his early support and brilliant leadership organizing the ground operation of my first campaign, I would have never become a member of Congress.” Pelosi said in a statement.
Organizing “in my DNA”
Born in 1947, Ross began work as a full-time organizer with the United Farm Workers (UFW) in 1970, the year of the historic general strike in the lettuce fields of Santa Maria and Salinas in California’s Central Coast,
Throughout his career, Ross employed the house meeting, a hallmark grass roots tactic developed by his father while working with the Community Service Organization, a Latino civil rights group Ross Sr. co-founded in 1948 related to Saul Alinsky’s Industrial Areas Foundation. It involved setting up meetings with small groups of people in their homes to make change happen in their communities or in later years to organize unions.
Years later, Ross reprinted many of his father’s sayings and tactics in a booklet called “Axioms for Organizers”which was widely distributed in English and Spanish throughout the United States and can be found in union halls and community meetings throughout the Country.
His mother Frances Ross, an original “Rosie the Riveter,” was a shop steward in a World War II plant in Cleveland, Ohio. She fought to help Jewish doctors immigrate from Nazi Germany. She was a pioneer in the mental health field and was the first women hired to be a lobbyist in Sacramento, state capital of California.
“So, fighting and organizing for racial and economic justice is in my DNA,” Ross said on many occasions. He acknowledged that he had gotten into a fair amount of trouble doing his organizing work — “good trouble, as John Lewis used to say.”
He recalled being knocked unconscious by a grape grower during a farm worker election and being shot at by a security guard at a supermarket. “Luckily he was a bad shot,” he quipped.
By his own count, he had been arrested 39 times, “mostly for good causes.”
Organizing with UFW
In early 1975 Fred conceived of, and organized a 110-mile march against Gallo wines that began in Union Square in San Francisco and ended with at least 10,000 farm workers and supporters at the company’s headquarters in Modesto in the Central Valley of California. At the time, it was estimated that Gallo Wines sold 1 in 3 bottles of wine in the United States. The UFW had by then been dismissed by some in the media as a “romantic cause” because it was confronting the powerful alliance with the Teamsters union that growers forged to suppress farm workers’ support for the UFW.
“That infuriated me, because I knew it wasn’t the case,” Ross said in an interview in October.
One of the other motives for the Gallo march was to put pressure on then-Gov. Jerry Brown to negotiate and push through the Agricultural Labor Relations Act, which was enacted in June 1975. It was the first law of its kind in the nation establishing the right of farm workers to organize, vote in union elections, and bargain with their employers.
Changing U.S. Policies on Central America
In the 1980s, Ross led Neighbor to Neighbor, a grassroots organization initially focused on dealing with the plight of refugees from El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. It grew into a much larger effort to address U.S. policies in those countries that contributed to the refugee problem in the first place. “No one had developed a successful political strategy to challenge these policies in Congress, “ Ross recalled.
Neighbor to Neighbor sent organizers to swing congressional districts around the country to elect representatives critical of the Reagan administration policies in Central America, and to put pressures on incumbents to change their positions. These efforts played a part in ending aid to the Contras, the U.S. backed rebel forces in Nicaragua, and helped elect three women to Congress backing those changes. Rep Louise Slaughter, D-NY, served in Congress from 1987 until her death in 2018. Rep. Anna Eshoo, D-Palo Alto, also elected in 1987, is still in Congress.
Helps Elect Pelosi to Congress
The third woman was Nancy Pelosi, who asked Ross and Neighbor to Neighbor to run her get out the vote campaign. She was familiar with Ross’ work around Central America, as well as his leadership role in then-Mayor Dianne Feinstein’s successful defeat of a recall campaign against her in 1983.
Again, using tactics honed during his farm worker organizing days, Ross helped organize 118 house meetings, and enlisted over a thousand volunteers. As Ross recounted it, Pelosi’s father Thomas D’Alesandro, a former mayor of Baltimore who knew the value of neighborhood-based precinct organizers, sent Pelosi’s brother Thomas, generally called Tommy, to San Francisco “to make sure that Ross and this crew knew what they were doing.”
On one Sunday, Tommy, who also had served a term as mayor of Baltimore, tagged along with candidate Pelosi to 17 house meetings held over a 12-hour period. Ross also brought out a chart indicating that the campaign needed to identify 5,000 more voters and get 3,500 of them to vote.
At the end of the day Tommy called his father back in Baltimore to report that “Dad, they’re doing it better than we did. Nothing to worry about.”
Pelosi won her race by a narrow margin, embarking on a decades-long career that led her to historic terms as House Speaker. “You will always have my deepest gratitude as one of my earliest and most significant supporters,” Pelosi told Ross on his 75th birthday.
After the defeat of Contra aid, Neighbor to Neighbor shifted its focus to El Salvador, to pressure the government there to withdraw its support of death squads. To that end, Ross led a drive to boycott Salvadoran coffee, one of the country’s most lucrative exports, which he argued helped underwrite the military regime there.
A key turning point was when the International Longshoreman’s and Warehousemen’s Union under its president, Jimmy Herman, endorsed the boycott. Longshoremen refused to cross picket lines set up by Neighbor to Neighbor up and down the West Coast, including at its last stop in Long Beach. As a result, the Ciudad de Buenaventura ship was unable to off-load its cargo of 34 tons of Salvadoran coffee and was forced to sail back to El Salvador with the coffee still in its hold. That effectively sealed off the West Coast to Salvadoran coffee imports for the next two years.
The threat of further economic damage played a part in forcing the Salvadoran government to the negotiating table, and in 1992 the counterinsurgency war against the FMLN, a leftist guerilla organization, came to an end.
Helping Legal Residents Become Citizens and Voters
In the 1990s, Ross embarked on a campaign to shorten to six months the time it took legal immigrants to become citizens after they applied, and then to register them to vote. In the aftermath of Prop. 187, the anti-immigrant initiative backed by then Gov. Pete Wilson, he helped launch the Active Citizenship Campaign which, with the intervention of then Vice President Al Gore, successfully put pressure on the Immigration and Naturalization Service to speed up the naturalization process.
“We not only played a tangible role in putting pressure on the INS to help thousands become citizens in time to vote in that next election, but more importantly, to become a lot more engaged in the whole political process,” recalled Ross. “That was the beginning of a real breakthrough in continuing to build Latino voting power in California in the aftermath of Prop 187.”
Training “Organizing Stewards”
In 1998, Ross returned to his labor roots by organizing health care workers for the Service Employees International Union, working closely with Eileen Purcell, whom he described as “my organizing partner of a lifetime.” For 13 years with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1245, he developed a nationally recognized program to train union members to go beyond being stewards that handled union affairs, but to be organizers while keeping their regular jobs at Pacific Gas and Electric. These “organizer stewards,” as Ross called them, would volunteer on non-work time to fight anti-union right-to-work legislation or work in electoral races in their own states or elsewhere. If necessary, they would take a leave from their regular jobs while being paid by the union to do so, but always return to their regular jobs with PG&E. Among the races these organizers participated were the Senate campaigns of Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff in Georgia two years ago. Their election returned control of the Senate to Democrats after a half dozen years with a GOP majority.
Most recently, Ross was working on producing a documentary film on his father that underscored the critical role of organizing, with an emphasis on one-on-one relationships that could be forged to build collective power. Even after being diagnosed with a terminal illness, he worked tirelessly to raise funds for the film, which is being directed by Ray Telles.
As the United Farm Workers said in a tribute, “His father Fred Ross Sr. had remarkable accomplishments. But perhaps his best legacy was Fred Jr. Colleagues over many decades said Fred Jr.’s organizing talents matched anyone’s, including Cesar and Fred Sr.”
“As with his father, Fred Jr.’s labors were never about himself,” the UFW tribute stated. “He was always about empowering others to believe they were responsible for the progress they won. Fred Jr.’s nature was ceaselessly positive; he always thought things could be done.”
Throughout his life, Ross exemplified the principles of organizing he wrote about in an introduction to Jacques Levy’s Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa. “I learned from Cesar Chavez and my father that the organizer works behind the scenes, patiently asking questions, listening respectfully, agitating, teaching new leaders, pushing them to take action, and creating hope con ánimo, with great enthusiasm. The organizer finds people one at a time, teaches them to develop their own powerful voices, turns their anger about injustice into hope by encouraging them to take action, raises hell, stirs up trouble and has fun doing it.”
Ross, a longtime Berkeley resident, is survived by his wife, Margo Feinberg, a prominent labor attorney, counsel to many significant labor organizing campaigns and author of innovative local legislation geared to enhance the rights of workers; their two children, Charley and Helen Ross; brother Robert Ross and sister Julia Ross; and a legion of friends and family members and generations of organizers.
In lieu of flowers, the Ross family asks that contributions go to the Fred Ross Project. Written condolences to the family may be sent to FredrossMemories@gmail.com
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For more information, or questions, please email Louis Freedberg at: louisfreedberg@gmail.com
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Jon Melrod – Labor Lessons Learned
By Peter Olney
I reviewed Jon Melrod’s book, Fighting Times: Organizing on the Front Lines of the Class War, for In These Times—but I wanted to draw out more of Jon’s important lessons for the new generation of working-class organizers, so I sat down with him at his home in Northern California and interviewed him. Jon is a friend and comrade who continues to fight the good fight by advising young comrades on how to do working-class organizing. He has made connections with young organizers at both Starbucks and Amazon. He has much to say about how to conduct daily battles over the countless workplace abuses of capitalism and how to make the linkages between those skirmishes and the broader battle for democracy and against capitalism.
“you’ve got to be there for the long haul and you’ve got to be willing to roll with the punches.”
Jon Melrod
Peter Olney (PO): After your time as a student militant at the University of Wisconsin you decided to take a working-class job and organize up the road in Milwaukee. Tell us about the plant where you landed in 1972.
Jon Melrod (JM): I went to work at American Motors in 1972. In 1969 there had been 14 wildcats in one week at the Kenosha and Milwaukee American Motors plants. So I mean, you know, every time there was a grievance the Chief Steward, who was the Chief Steward of the whole factory, would say, “Let’s go on out until we get it settled.” And I have a great picture from 1973 of all these middle-aged white guys in Kenosha holding signs saying, “Wildcat strike,” “Paint Department on strike.” So I said this is the right place to be. If you wanted to be a rebel and you wanted to fight for something to change the world, you went to work at American Motors.
This was a very historic plant, the first auto plant organized in the United States. In 1933, a chief steward, a very left-wing militant named Paul Russo, went off his job to collect money for a worker whose house had been burned down. The foreman ordered him back on his job. And he said, “No, I’m taking a collection for a union brother who lost his house.” So they fired him. When they fired him, the whole Trim Department sat down. It was the first sit-down in auto, before Flint.
After that, the strike spread to Racine and Milwaukee and the Kenosha plant shut down. At that point, the company was forced to recognize officially the first union in auto and it was the first written contract in any auto plant in the United States. It was a one-page—basically just recognizing the union. But the way the union ran the shop was it was all past practice. So whatever we had established as past practice became the way that the relationship between management and the union functioned.
PO: How did you begin to establish your credibility at the plant?
JM: One of the things for new organizers today—and we’ll talk about this more—is people respect somebody who works hard, who’s willing to stand up for themselves, who’s not afraid of physical challenges. I’m not a very big guy and that really worked to my detriment. You know, the first leaflet we put out at the plant gate I was standing out in front of the door and fucking all of a sudden this bucket lands on my head full of cleaning fluid. And I’m covered in cleaning fluid. My eyes are stinging. And you know, I ran up – I knew where it came from because on the fourth floor in the Cushion room where they used to make the seat cushions, that was where the union hierarchy worked because it was easy. It was off the line and it was all white and they were all Korean War vets and they were all very conservative.
I came running up four flights of stairs and I ran into the Cushion room and I was, “Which one of you mother fuckers is chicken shit enough to dump something on my head when you can’t be seen?” And of course, everybody shut up and nobody said anything. But the fact that I stood up to them and that I was back out at the gate that afternoon handing out flyers to the second shift showed them.
It’s a rough and tumble world in the working class, you know? You’re not a student any longer writing papers for a living, you’re working for a living and you’ve got to stand up for yourself. And that became an important lesson many, many times from then on.
PO: So here you are in an auto plant and correctly focused, I think, on the battles that these workers are confronting day-to-day in their factory lives. How is there a connection between fight over drinking water and socialism?
JM: Well I think in every struggle in a factory, no matter how small or how large, there’s much larger implications. Because it’s really part of a class war. The title of my book is actually Fighting Times: Organizing on the Front Lines of the Class War. For example, they came around one Saturday and they said the president of the union has said that we need to get a Saturday of overtime in—there’s not enough cars in the dealerships. So mainly the young guys and I, we used to party hard every Friday and Saturday night. And we said damn, if we have to work on a Saturday, that’s the end of our partyin’ life. And I went and looked back at the contract, which was really this thick black book of probably 300 pages of codification of work rules, and it said you have the right to refuse overtime.
So, I went to the guys and I said, “Look, we don’t have to work overtime.” And we ran off copies of that page in the contract and handed it out. Next morning when they came through to tell everybody, “You’re coming in on Saturday; just want to make sure you know it; this is your notice,” everybody said, “We’re not coming in. We’ve got the right to voluntary overtime.”
And the word spread, and they couldn’t get a workforce, okay, and they were threatening to discipline people, they were threatening to fire people. People were saying we’ve got a right to voluntary overtime. Here again you have this class struggle that’s always at work. The company wants cars; you want a decent fucking life where you’re not a slave to your job. Capitalism means you’re a slave to your job, you know. With a militant union, at least you can put up a hell of a good fight. And they had to cancel the overtime.
PO: That’s a pretty rich tale Jon. Can you give us another example?
JM: Sure. The company announced they were going to speed up the assembly line. They were going to add about three cars an hour and not change our work assignments at all. Three cars an hour is a huge addition to the amount of work you have to do. And we put out a leaflet. Didn’t know what we were doing. We got an old mimeograph machine and we wrote up a leaflet that said, “Speed up kills. Fight speed up.” We handed it out and all of a sudden the factory was in an uproar, ’cause this woke up the old timers.
And the old timers said, “Do you know how we fight speed up? We ride the line.” I said, “What does it mean you ride the line?” They said, “That means you work to contract. You work no faster than the normal pace,” which was what was in the contract. “You can only be expected to work at a normal pace.” So, they taught us younger guys stay in the car until you finish your whole job, even if it pushes you two work stations down the line and that pushes four more people down the line. And meanwhile, it means that nobody’s getting their job done and everybody’s throwing the parts in the car, so there’s no cars that are getting built as a completed car. They’re all on the repair areas, stocked up.
You realized in doing that that there was a tremendous power that people had, that without your giving them the right to control your labor power you in fact have the power and that’s an important lesson that applies to society in general. You begin to realize that it’s workers that make all of society run and it’s capitalism that exploits workers to the benefit of the owning class.
PO: You got fired several times for your union work. In 1973, you ended up going to the NLRB. What happened?
JM: So, I went to the National Labor Relations Board and luckily the officer doing the interview was actually quite sympathetic. And I said all right, well we’ll see what happens. But even while I was fired I kept going to the plant basically every week to keep working with people, to help them with the 1974 auto contract. I stayed active. You know, I didn’t go home. The union told me go home and wait and we’ll see what happens. But I stayed active.
And about nine months later, the morning newspaper had a big article, “AMC ordered to rehire two fired workers,” and the Labor Board had ordered them to rehire me but in really strong language. The Labor Board blasted them for using McCarthy-like tactics to spread rumors that we were communists. And in fact, we had been engaged in protected activity.
So, they ordered me to be rehired. I now have a memo that the company and the FBI had collaborated on that they were not going to rehire me. They said, “No matter what the court says, we’re not rehiring Melrod. He’s too much trouble.”
But after two and a half years, the Seventh Circuit—that’s the Court of Appeals, the Federal Court of Appeals—ordered American Motors to rehire me. And at that point they really had no choice and they put me back to work.
PO: You said something that caught my attention when you said, you know, “After I was fired, I didn’t disappear. I’d show up at the plant.”
JM: One thing that I think is really important for young people to understand, particularly in this world where tweets are like 200 words and everything moves fast and there’s immediate satisfaction, you’ve got to be there for the long haul and you’ve got to be willing to roll with the punches. When I first ran for steward, I drove three guys in my car out to the voting in the union hall and I was the fourth. And the next morning I went to look at the bulletin board where they listed the returns on the steward election, and my name was on the very bottom. I only had gotten three votes. One of the guys I drove didn’t even vote for me.
And it was pretty demoralizing. I mean, I kind of slunk away, you know, from the crowd looking at the returns and I had a day to think about it. And it led me to a lot of important conclusions. ‘Cause you’ve always got to be thinking about what you did right and what you did wrong. And one of them was that I had not been involved enough in the day-to-day fights. In other words, I was always at the gates with the Milwaukee Worker and political flyers. We organized people to go to May Day. We organized people to march against the Ku Klux Klan in Tupelo. And that’s all good and that’s important to bring in those political issues. But if you want to represent people, they’ve got to see that you’re going to stand up to the company.
And from that day on I said I don’t care if it’s a spill of grease on the floor, I’m going to make a fight about it or I’m going to start a petition about it or I’m going to get a group of workers to go confront management on it. Because it doesn’t happen overnight. You don’t get elected the first time. You don’t always win the union vote the first time. You know, I mean, this is serious business and if you’re trying to fight a serious class enemy that’s determined to keep unions out and to keep wages down and to keep people working for as many hours a day as they can, you know, then you’ve got to be ready to throw down and take that on.
PO: When you were in the UAW, you began what would be a long fight for “one member, one vote” in the union. Leaders of the union were historically chosen at convention by delegate votes rather than direct election by the members: one member one vote.
JM: In 1983 we were running a slate for the convention, International UAW convention, and we looked around to figure out what was the most important issue that broadly affected locals around the country. And we decided it was the issue of democracy in the union, because if you don’t have the right to vote for international officers, you have an autocracy. And [UAW President Walter] Reuther was able to build something called the Administration Caucus, and everybody who made it to the top leadership had to be a member of the Administration Caucus and even to be an international rep. At that time there were about 350 full time international reps in the UAW had to be a member of the Administration Caucus.
PO: And even regional directors, right?
JM: And even regional directors. So we took that issue to convention. Earlier we had helped form Locals Opposed to Concessions, LOC, with militant locals in Detroit. And those locals had opposed concessions at Chrysler and at GM and at Ford. And we had developed relationships with the leadership of those locals. So we really went out to them to build this movement for one member, one vote. And for them it wasn’t just a matter of winning the rank and file’s right to vote, but it was also a way to punish the International Union for having granted concessions.
So, we took it to a membership meeting and everybody in the local supported it. There were a thousand members at that meeting who voted to write a resolution to be delivered to the convention Resolutions Committee supporting the concept of one member, one vote. With that vote of the membership was also an endorsement that Local 72 out of Kenosha lead a national push to establish one member, one vote.
Once it became the official position of the union, the local gave us a budget of $100,000, which in ’83 was a lot of money. And we forced the International to give us a mailing list of all the locals in the country, and we spent hours and hours sending out letters to every local, to every convention delegate, local—the head of their delegation would receive a letter asking them to pass resolutions supporting one member, one vote.
And it took off fairly well, particularly in Canada. When we got to the convention there was enough support that even thought the International would’ve liked to shelve the whole issue, they were forced to agree to bring it to the floor. So I was able to present a very long, detailed resolution on why it was so important that the membership had the right to vote, and if we had been part of the Civil Rights Movement like the UAW had, why couldn’t we apply that to the local’s membership right to vote. Afterward [then-UAW President Douglas] Fraser called the question and put it to a voice vote and we probably had around—he said 300—it was probably around 500 delegates who did vote for the resolution. And I remember how proud I felt when Fraser told the media that was the most difficult fight the International has had to rally its representatives to do battle on.
It laid the groundwork later for, as you mentioned, Jerry Tucker, and I believe it was New Directions that brought it to the convention in ’86. And now most recently, after they sent 11 of the International officers to jail for all kinds of horrible crimes of embezzlement and working with Chrysler and being paid by Chrysler, the membership decided enough is enough and a legal case was brought and a vote was held on whether we’d switch to the referendum system, which we did, and as you said, right now the membership is finally voting.
PO: Yeah, pretty exciting.
JM: It is pretty exciting, and it portends well for changing the responsibility of the leadership to the membership ’cause there isn’t that, you know, buffer between them any longer.
PO: How do reflect now on your approach to politics then? Milwaukee has a system of wonderful public parks. Where did that come from and would that have been a political reference point, the Sewer Socialists, the Victor Bergers, open socialists elected to Congress in the 1910s and ‘20s? Could we have had a much more organic relationship between the battles we were waging on the shop floor and municipal and state and federal politics and power?
JM: I think you’re raising a really good point. That is something that I’ve looked back upon and been critical of myself. I think that our political viewpoint was basically elections don’t matter, politicians don’t matter. Be it on a local level or a national level, it’s just not something that we involve ourselves in. And that was a huge mistake because as you say, Milwaukee had been a socialist bastion up until maybe even the early ‘60s. And you’re right. It had one of the nicest park systems in the United States and that was because the socialists had created that. And it also had at that time a very good public school system that had been created by the socialists. And we really ignored that whole part of history to our own detriment and to the detriment of our political organizing.
I mean, right now, for the first time in 80 years, two socialists, open socialists, have been elected from Milwaukee to the state assembly. Now this is the same state where they’ve got Ron Johnson, the arch-Republican autocratic, drink Listerine and it’ll fight COVID, as their senator. So, you’ve got a real dichotomy going on right now between a rebirth of political left-wing progressive organizing and a very powerful right wing. And part of the problem is that the unions don’t have the strength that we once had in Wisconsin, because were the unions in power there wouldn’t be such a movement for Trump. I believe this 100%.
PO: Now we have an African American named Mandela Barnes running for Governor of Wisconsin?
JON: Mandela Barnes, I’ve heard him speak. He’s a very progressive guy. He’s part of this new wave of younger progressive, fair-minded politicians. Both his parents came out of unions. Both his parents were workers, came from the heyday of the union movement in Wisconsin, and he’s definitely got a very different orientation than the Republican candidate.
The fact that this local endorsed Mandela Barnes through their political organization in the UAW shows you that it makes a big difference when you have a union that teaches people the strength of the power of unions and the power of working people politically. It’s not like we didn’t talk about history in our day. We talked about history but it was about Harold Christoffel, who had been the President of the Allis-Chalmers Union, had formed the union actually at Allis-Chalmers and led the longest strike, which went on for one year, at the Allis-Chalmers plant outside of Milwaukee. And he was a communist and during the McCarthy period he refused to respond and was given a year in jail. Now we talked a lot about him and Allis-Chalmers but we didn’t talk about it in the context of, you know, local elections, city elections, and that was a mistake on our part.
PO: Thank you Jon for your time and mostly for writing this very useful book. I hope readers of Convergence and the Stansbury Forum will pick up a copy from: PM Press.
50% off with Holiday sale: coupon code: GIFT
Fighting Times: Organizing on the Front Lines of the Class War, by Jon Melrod. PM Press, 2022
This has been a joint Stansbury Forum – Convergence post. We urge you to look at Convergence’s site for some amazing reads
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Highway to Hell
By Steve Chapple
“We are on a highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator,” UN Secretary-General António Guterres said on Monday as the COP27 climate conference began in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. How firmly humanity’s foot stays on that accelerator will depend partly on the outcome of midterm elections in the United States.
Andy @Revkin in in his excellent SUSTAIN WHAT Substack suggests we should move on to the real problems in America before we start yammering about the next horserace, the 2024 elections and whether Biden will run or Trump will run, and so forth, but we at HOT GLOBE™ simply can’t resist a Friday Fish Wrap about this week’s electoral puzzle.
THERE WAS IN FACT A RED TIDE for Republicans but to put it in scientific terms, it turned out to be a red tide more like Kerenia brevis, the poisonous red tide that kills manatees and sickens swimmers and, evidently, puts off independent voters. too.
Republicans in 2022 thought all Americans were concerned about was inflation, gas prices and crime (even though 8 of the 10 high crime states are all Red) and forgot that maybe hobbling reproductive rights and reducing Social Security and Medicare might bother many voters. That much is talked about but what is only now coming to be understood is that a real youth wave came to shore this week with Gen Z’ers skate-boarding to vote in historic–nay!—record numbers.
The issues most important to these activist kids riding the curl (to keep our wave metaphors flowing): Guns, Climate, and Abortion, as reported in Covering Climate Now:
Youth organizers from the climate, gun violence, and other progressive social movements predicted a “youth wave” election-night surprise, Mark Hertsgaard* reported in The Nation (“Can Gen Z Save the Midterms for the Democrats?”)— and the youth were right. [Point of liquidity: I’ve known the Norwegian-American journalist Mark Hertsgaard since Rio Eco 92.]
Exit polls show that 63% of young Americans voted for a Democratic candidate for the US House, while 35% of young Americans backed Republican candidates, Rachel Janfaza reported for Teen Vogue. The strongest support came from youth of color, with 89% of Black youth and 67% of Latino youth voting for a Democratic candidate.
Also, a certain former President seems to have stayed too long at the beach–like a wet fart. Even Foxies Rupert Murdoch and son Lachlan gagged at the smell. (See “Murdoch Outlets Turn on Trump After Midterms” in the National Review.) The Murdochs own “The Network” (Fox News, Wall Street Journal, New York Post, ad nauseam,) literally and symbolically. When the Trump Show begins to hurt the ratings, well, bottom line this is what those immigrants, Rupert & Son, are all about, their $-money-$ and so when the numbers fall, time to box up the frothing apprentice like the old silent screen star Norma Desmond in the movie Sunset Boulevard, and send him packing to his luxury retirement home.
Problem is, Mar-A-Lago is at sea level and this election week, as a rare November hurricane crashed ashore, residents of Palm Beach were put under an evacuation order. It is delicious to think that Ron De Sanctimonious may have signed off on the evacuation order and to wonder whether his 2024 rival Trump refused to go, seeking refuge on the third floor to wait out the storm, in his tanning bed.
Have Republicans Always Been Toxic for the Environment?
Hold the guffaws. ‘Twas not always thus. Teddy Roosevelt founded many of our national parks. Gilbert Pinchot did the same for national forests at least until the 1950’s post-WWII building boom when the forest service came up with the “mixed use” euphemism which pretty much means more roads and more logging. There were always wilderness mavericks and conservative outdoors folks like Northern California Republican Pete McCloskey, Adlai Stevenson Republicans such as David Brower, who saved the Grand Canyon among many other wild places of exquisite beauty (“In wildness is the preservation of the world,” as the now mildly canceled John Muir put it) and don’t forget America’s most Shakespearean President, Richard Milhous Nixon and his convicted domestic policy advisor John Ehrlichman, who, nevertheless, did much to develop the Environmental Protection Agency and the Clean Water Act, partly out of a love of nature but mostly to garner votes in a very different time. On the negative side Herr Ehrlichman criminalized marijuana and psychedelics in order to put millions of black, brown, and hippie youth in prison. Those folks didn’t much like the Vietnam War and rarely voted for the boss.
Climate makes for strange bedfellows. The sun sets over us all, and only the most philistine Republican are unable to appreciate a green flash or a bugling elk.
At an early EPA banquet, Nixon once even turned to Russell Train, who was the second head of the EPA and the founder of the World Wildlife Fund, and made a plea for climate justice in the inner cities.
Then came the Old Tree Cutter himself, Ronald Reagan, and his Interior Secretary James “Paul Bunyan” Watt. Reagan said trees caused more air pollution than automobiles, which gave rise to the ”killer tree” meme of early late-night comedy.
It’s been downhill ever since, as 85% of political contributions from fossil fuel companies go to Republican candidates so that they might continue to obfuscate the role of fossil fuels in global warming. In my own district in California, the Fighting 49th, Republican candidate Bryan Maryott was funded by big oil after Democrat Mike Levin co-sponsored the Big Oil Windfall Profits Tax. At press time Mike is leading by 3 points.
By the way, this “Highway to Hell” reference is intriguing (click the link for the official recording.) UN Secretary-General António Guterres graduated from the Technical University of Lisbon in physics and electrical engineering in 1971, before later becoming prime minister of Portugal. AC-DC wrote “Highway to Hell” in 1979 with Aussie Angus Young contributing the killer guitar riff. Was Guterres, then 29, rocking out in the clubs of Porto to AC-DC and so retained the reference in his mind? Data point: probably not. He was part of the “Club of Light” in college, a Catholic Franciscan group. But who knows? Remember that our last Substack featured Dr. V. “Ram” Ramanathan, who influenced Pope Francis to issue his Climate Encyclical.
That’s it for HOT GLOBE™ ‘s Friday Fish Wrap on the elections.
NEXT FRIDAY we walk down the hall from my office at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and begin An Informal Chat with Ralph Keeling about how important a part “carbon land sinks” play in global warming compared to the abject nakedness of fossil fuel burning. Ralph works on the big picture and like Ramanathan, he’s worried. “We’re locked into such massive changes that it would be irresponsible not to be working really hard to get ready.”
I ask him what his father Charles Keeling, he of the Keeling Curve, might think:
“My guess is my father would be horrified by the politics of it all,” Ralph Keeling.
We are now at 416 parts per million of CO2, as measured by the Keelings’ Curve, speeding down (I can’t resist) a highway to—well, let’s make some changes, kids, and quick, before it’s too late.
Don’t forget to subscribe and share. Thanks.
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Steve Chapple runs HOT GLOBE
On The State of the Nation (and large part of the world). Some Reflections on the Election.
By Mike Miller
The pessimists (I was one) weren’t right, but neither were the optimists. At this writing, it looks like we’re in for more of the same in the nation’s politics. The American electorate is worried with many voters saying and doing contradictory things.
But let me focus on some optimistic notes. Given what many expected, the Republican victory in the House is Pyrrhic. It’s also testimony to Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s leadership. Given the defeat of a number of Trump-backed Republicans, the election may unleash a war between De Santos and Trump, which would benefit the country. There is no question: Democrats did far better than expected.
If Democrats win the Nevada and Arizona Senate seats, it will strengthen the Nevada UNITE/HERE Local—a good thing both for labor and the country. For example, let’s hope the new Teamster leadership develops an electoral program like that of the Las Vegas hotel, restaurant and entertainment workers. In Arizona, a strong on-the-ground operation contributed to the Democratic victory. The damage done by Andrew Cuomo to the State Democratic Party may create new opportunities for the Working Families Party in New York. Where the issue was on the ballot, anti-abortion rights propositions were defeated; where it was a key campaign issue it helped pro “choice” candidates as well.
Candidates are important. John Fetterman’s Pennsylvania win demonstrates that a politician who cultivates a relationship with voters can translate that into victory while, at the same time, having a history of progressive stands and victories, including: criminal justice reform, legalizing marijuana, immigration reform, LGBTQ rights, environmental racism and economic justice.
Here are some bigger picture thoughts on what it will take to significantly change things.
Problems
Democrats, Labor, Socialists, Social Democrats, et al, no matter what the country, failed for many years to deliver on election promises. Over the longer term, and the short term as well, voters don’t forget.
Faced with “redlining” (broadly defined here as withholding money to get desired political results) in a variety of forms by investors/lenders/global financial institutions and others with $$, or the control of money, these leaders concluded they had little alternative—Syriza is perhaps the best example; its capitulation to European demands to pay its debt no doubt contributed to its political demise.
What if instead of getting bogged down in “negotiations” that weren’t real, Syriza had won the cooperation of longshore unions across the globe to refuse to unload a product targeted for boycott of a highly visible German brand? Or what if it had organized allies to pull deposits from a targeted European bank. Or… The point being that Syriza got trapped in what Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis later characterized as non-negotiations: it was clear in retrospect that the lenders were not going to make substantial concessions.
Obama’s bank bailout that left homeowners in the lurch while bailing out bankers is another example. Nor was that an exception to the rule: he has a long history of ties to the FIRE (finance, insurance and real estate) complex in Chicago.
These failures leave incumbent social democrats, liberals, “progressives” and socialists the objects of skepticism from those whose economic interests they slightly served (at least better than the Right), if they served them at all. American voters in the industrial Midwest know that Bill Clinton brought them NAFTA. (You can’t successfully pursue immigration reform without stemming the tide of Mexican, Central and South Americans forced from their farms, homes and jobs by American support for corporate-defined “globalization”.)
Confidence in Institutions
Here’s how Gallup sums up its current annual survey of confidence in American institutions: “Americans’ confidence in institutions has been lacking for most of the past 15 years, but their trust in key institutions has hit a new low this year.”
Most of the institutions Gallup tracks are at historic lows, and average confidence across all institutions is now four points lower than the prior low.
“Notably, confidence in the major institutions of the federal government is at a low point at a time when the president and Congress are struggling to address high inflation, record gas prices, increased crime and gun violence, continued illegal immigration, and significant foreign policy challenges from Russia and China. Confidence in the Supreme Court had already dropped even before it overturned Roe v. Wade, though that ruling was expected after a draft opinion was leaked in May.
“The confidence crisis extends beyond political institutions: a near record-low 13% of Americans are satisfied with the way things are going in the U.S. Confidence in institutions is unlikely to improve until the economy gets better — but it is unclear if confidence will ever get back to the levels Gallup measured in decades past, even with an improved economy.”
The problem has become deeper than economic performance. The gap between promises and results alienated vast numbers of voters, especially white working, and lower-middle class, who then were vulnerable to the appeal of the man on the white horse. “I, and only I, can solve these problems,” said Trump, as did his Swedish, Italian, Hungarian, Polish and other counterparts.
Powerless to attack those with the real power, this constituency needed someone to make them feel better — attacking “The Other” served them and right-wing politicians perfectly. For example, few Democratic politicians call out NAFTA as a major source of Mexican immigration to the United States. To do so would require attacking a history of Democrats supporting the treaty and “globalization” of which it is a part. Lord Acton’s warning about the corruption of power needs to be balanced with the corruption of powerlessness which damages the human spirit and creates the soil Donald Trump tilled.
Civil Society
What follows when civil society institutions erode and disappear?: isolation and the destruction of community. Social media are non-stop. They feed the anger. The alienated can find relief by blaming The Other: “kick the dog” when you can’t kick its master. For those in power, divide and conquer is a useful strategy.
It is a mistake to dismiss all this as scapegoating. “I want to be somebody” is an expression of being recognized, of meaningful membership. And that is what is being shouted out now by people who feel ignored, abandoned, voiceless, and without hope for the future. (They were depicted by Hillary Clinton as a “basket of deplorables,” and Barack Obama said during his run for President, they “cling to guns or religion or antipathy toward people who aren’t like them…as a way to explain their frustrations.”) Whatever elements of validity there might be in his argument, a Presidential campaign is not a seminar.
The erosion of community, the increased isolation and loneliness of people, the powerlessness that arises when one does not belong to a democratic collectivity that offers a powerful voice—these are among the results of the erosion of civil society. The causes are long-term, and the solutions will not come overnight. No single election campaign, or even series of them, can rebuild what has been torn-asunder over a long period of time.
In a community, people talk with one another; there is deliberation among them. Organizations to which they belong, and in which they have confidence, have the capacity to evaluate political proposals and offer alternatives. But unions, for example, have largely become service and advocacy organizations: they provide things for members and act in their behalf, rather than serving as vehicles in which members argue, discuss, deliberate, make compromises and act collectively for themselves. Instead, a member “files” a grievance which may take years to resolve and is done without his/her participation. At contract time, full-time union officials haggle with management over the terms of a contract. The process takes place in downtown hotels; participation by members in “glass house” negotiations is, for the most part, a thing of the past. The contrast is expressed in a familiar labor organizer complaint that “members act like their dues bought them an insurance policy”. When they’re in trouble, they want the union — understood as a third party — to provide them benefits.
Ironically, the better full-time elected leaders and paid staff perform the “representation” task, the more difficult it becomes to persuade members they have to do anything more than vote in public and union elections, and pay their dues. When profits were growing and markets expanding, some sharing of the benefit with workers worked for major corporations. But with slowdown and foreign competition, things got tight.
Even given the above, union membership has an impact on political preferences. But the private sector is now down to about 6%! Stirrings in places like Amazon, Starbucks and Trader Joe’s, and poll results showing growing support for unions, are hopeful signs. There’s a long road yet to go.
The alienation described above is not limited to urban and rural moderate-to-middle income whites. It extends across lines of race, gender, age and geography. It is at crisis proportions. I have focused here on this group of white people because they are the volatile factor that is most vulnerable to appeals from demagogues and the use of scapegoats. But beware: there are signs of Black and Latina/o shifting to Republicans. A small gain by Republicans in these two constituencies can have a major impact on election outcomes.
Corporations fought back.
That shouldn’t be a surprise. On the occasion of their 1937 defeat by the United Auto Workers/CIO, General Motors’ negotiator John Thomas Smith said to CIO leader John L. Lewis, who had strategized and led the winning campaign,“Well, Mr. Lewis, you beat us, but I’m not going to forget it. I just want to tell you that one of these days we’ll come back and give you the kind of whipping that you and your people will never forget.” GM lived up to its word.
In the film Salt of the Earth, management finally decided it couldn’t break the miner’s strike. Hartwell, the on-site representative of the corporation, says, “I’ll talk to New York. Maybe we better settle this thing…For the present.”
In both these cases, it was a union that brought the power structure to the negotiating table by its power to deny profits to the corporation. The farm workers did it with grape and lettuce boycotts. At the peak of its influence, the civil rights movement did it with mass disruption and the threat of breaking apart the Democratic Party alliance that included both Blacks and Dixiecrats.
Building sustainable people power is what led to these results. When that power eroded, so did the victories. Keep your powder dry!
What Follows?
ORGANIZE! These are not a short-term problems to be overcome by slightly better candidates offering better messages by more sophisticated means. Nor is it overcome by ad hoc “mass mobilizations” after which “the troops” go home—sometimes with a victory but more often with little to show for their energy—leaving only the activists for the next “demo”.
ORGANIZE democratically with a lower case “d” so that members are the real owners of people power organizations and create a counterculture of deliberation thus able to realize when compromises aren’t sellouts because they decide they’ve stretched as far as they can and need to get back to their day-to-day lives. They conclude, because they’ve learned this truth from their own experience, that the way toward better compromises is broadening and deepening the base, and engaging it more in the life of the union (or whatever organization we’re discussing—neighborhood, interest, identity, etc). Instead, we have a seemingly endless proliferation of narrowly-focused advocacy nonprofits and social media substituting for people-to-people politics.
Lowest Significant Common Denominator Demands
We need a path to majoritarian politics that recognizes the rights and interests of the constituencies comprising it while not demanding from potential allies that which they cannot deliver in their own respective constituencies. That’s a tough one, especially for the most oppressed and discriminated against. This difficult road to navigate must include short-term benefits for whatever segment of a majority we’re talking about. But it pays far higher dividends in the longer term.
To take a controversial example: in the wake of the police murder of George Floyd, there was widespread support among Americans for criminal justice reform. With a longer-term perspective, the shift in recognition of the reality of police brutality could have created majorities for significant change. Instead, “defund the police” became the dominant campaign—divisive even within the Black community, and certainly not a winner among the rest of the American electorate.
There are other examples. Since the 1954 Brown v Board decision on school integration, reliance on Supreme Court decisions to win major policy changes seemed a good way for minorities to achieve rights. This path was followed in Roe v Wade. It seemed to work. Now it looks problematic. To win by persuading everyday people of your point of view takes a longer-run view of what it takes to win durable victories. It begins with establishing relationships that go beyond “deep canvassing” let alone phone-banking or mailing postcards.
Reporting on their work in Kentucky, SURJ said, “We are headed to bed on election night with a huge victory to share: after SURJ members made more than 110,000 calls as part of a powerful, multi-racial coalition in Kentucky, we just blocked a near-total ban on abortion. This is how we beat the Right. SURJ brings white people into multiracial fights by engaging real issues that affect them. When we organize, we win.”That’s the right road. They’ve just started down it.
Conclusion
Given where we now are, a reasonable timeframe would take us to 2040, with the 2032 presidential election an important marker along the way, and numerous smaller victories that bring both concrete benefits to people and changes in the relations of power—the “us versus them”.
The bigger game is more transformative –which at the center involves economic and social equality, and the break-up of vast centers of unaccountable power into units that are either member-owned (consumer and worker coops), or whether publicly- or privately-owned are accountable to “the people” through their civil society institutions and public policies they support. Electoral politics are part of that. So are mutual aid, member benefits, direct negotiation and action with and against power centers, boycotts, and other forms of popular power that make small “d” democracy a reality.
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The Union Difference Behind the Orange Curtain – Working the Mid-terms in Little Saigon
By Peter Olney
In 2018 I deployed to Brea, California to work on flipping the 39th Congressional District from Red to Blue. It was part of the successful effort to win Democratic control of the House of Representatives, a check on the dictatorial agenda of “Agent Orange”, then President Trump. In 2020, two of the four seats that we flipped in Orange County (the OC) were flipped back to the Republican aisle. One of those newly redistricted seats is held by Republican Michelle Steel who voted against certifying the Presidential election and is all in with Trump.
Many of the members of my old union, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) live in the OC. Over 1000 members of the principal LA/Long Beach port dockers union, Local 13, live in the 45th Congressional district represented by Michelle Steel. Steel has gifted us a great issue. She is the co-sponsor of “HR 5886” that would place the ILWU and other maritime unions under the jurisdiction of the Railway Labor Act (RLA). The RLA would severely limit the ability of the ILWU to exercise power in bargaining with the giant international ocean carriers represented collectively by the Pacific Maritime Association (PMA). The contract for the west coast expired July 1 and the ILWU and PMA are in acrimonious negotiations at this very moment.
“The greatest antidote to disinformation and vicious attacks is direct contact, and …”
The race for the 45th is projected to be very tight so every vote counts (The American Prospect). I have been knocking doors with the campaign in the neighborhoods of multiple cities in Orange County. Democrats have a 5% registration edge in the district and the demographics could favor the effort to flip the seat. The district is 31% Asian Pacific Islander and 21% Latino. However, it is important to dissect the demographics deeper especially the Asian Pacific factor (NPR). The district is home to one of the largest concentrations of Vietnamese outside of Vietnam. The older Viet generation, forced to flee their country after the collapse of the US supported government in 1975, tends to vote conservative, like the Cuban refugees of 1959 who flooded South Florida. In fact, Michele Steel’s campaign has featured vicious adds attacking Navy veteran Jay Chen as “China’s Candidate”. TV adds fraudulently show Chen, an educator and community college board member, supposedly teaching schoolchildren flanked by photos of Mao and Lenin. Another ad has two Chinese communist intelligence officers claiming Jay Chen as “one of us.”
The greatest antidote to disinformation and vicious attacks is direct contact, and there is nothing as powerful as union member to union member conversation, particularly when members know that a strong union is what has enabled them to live a decent life with their families. That is why the radical decline of union membership, particularly in the private sector from 35% in 1955 to 6% today, makes it so difficult to counter the outright lies and distortions of Trump and his MAGA collaborators. When workers are in the same organization there is the basis for a healthy discussion even if there isn’t always agreement.
Working with fellow ILWUers and members of the Inland Boatmen’s Union, the marine division, we have been making a special appeal to our members on the phone, and It Works, it works really well! While we are flummoxed by the number of message machines we get, when we do go live with a member, the response is almost universally positive. Members have received emails and mailings from their Locals, and our calls reinforce the message that Steel is poison for the ILWU. Hearing directly from us that Chen is backed by the labor movement, members volunteer to take lawn signs and to corral their whole household into voting for Chen.
Mickey Chavez, a Local 94 (working foremen) member and newly elected head of the Southern California District Council (SCDC) reported to me that there were 25 active Local 94 members and 6 retirees in the district. He told me he had personally talked with all of them and that they are all “Yeses for Chen” including one Republican. I was delighted but initially mystified by Mickey’s ability to talk to everyone given I was getting more message machines than live members. Acting on a hunch I asked him if he had called from Local 94 offices. He burst out laughing and said yes, and that he called during dispatch, so all the members thought he was calling to offer them work! The power of a hiring hall union!
When I was on doors in Garden Grove, I approached the home of a 72-year-old female voter with “Declined to State” affiliation. I rang the bell and the husband answered. I asked for his spouse, and he asked what it was about. I told him I was working for Jay Chen for Congress, and he said, “He is a Democrat. Democrats are evil. Get off my porch you son of a bitch.” Compare this Fox fueled rant with the response of an ILWU member who is anti-Abortion and pro-GUNS. I called a member in the 45th and told him my mission. He said he would check Jay out. The next day I received the following message: “Hey Peter this is Fred. I am calling you back because you called me yesterday about the Congressional race in the 45th District. I did some research, and we had a get together in my neighborhood last night, as we do every Tuesday night. We have a very diverse neighborhood, Hispanic, white, and Asian. They don’t like this Jay Chen. I personally vote with my religious beliefs. Jay Chen is not a pro-gun guy. He doesn’t sound like a Christian to me. He is pro-abortion. I am not going to vote for him no matter what my union says. I may leave that race completely blank. These damn Democrats are pushing abortion. I am sick and tired of that. Fuck them. I am sorry for my language, and God is going to punish me for that. I am not voting for any Democrats. Sorry buddy!” I have returned his call and am hoping to have a face to face meet up with him. I continue to call Local 13 members and have had conversations with two registered Republicans who agreed to vote for Chen because their union is on record supporting him. Solidarity just this once!
The power of the union can bind people together. I can at least lead to a respectful issues-based discussion and a respectful disagreement that doesn’t come to blows!
Despite my long history on doors, I make rookie mistakes. I went to the door of 20-year-old Basurto Jimenez, a registered Democrat. I told him I was working for Jay Chen for Congress and asked him if he had heard of him. He said no, so I proceeded to say that he was “Running against a right-wing Republican named Michele Steel”. An older female voice behind him spoke up and said, “We are a right-wing Republican household”. Basurto sheepishly retreated, obviously used to his outsider status when it came to family politics. I stepped away from the porch and back out into the 90-degree heat of the OC. An older man followed me out and said, “Get yourself a hat or you will die of sunstroke.” I replied that this is a very humane right-wing Republican household! There is nothing like the doors to open insights into America with all its frights and faults, humanity, and kindness.
Good luck to all of us on November 8th! VOTE!
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Between the Rivers 
By Stewart Acuff
Stewart Acuff’s has a regular column in The Spirit of Jefferson newspaper, Charles Town and Jefferson County, West Virginia. This was one was published on October 26, 2022
“It’s very hard for many of us to understand why the county commission would not be happy to condemn hate.“
Their steady steps on the Saturday sidewalk in downtown Charles Town tapped their own beat to go vote in the statewide symphony of defending democracy.
Registering voters, educating voters, getting our people to the polls; the Poor Peoples Campaign brought its voting mobilization to Jefferson County on October 15 with a march/walk on Washington Street and barbecue in Evitts Run Park.
Goodness knows there’s every reason and issue in the world for folks to address in this election.
The GOP dominated Jefferson County Commission has ensnared itself in scandal by refusing to condemn racism and domestic terrorism after Commissioner Tricia Jackson posed for a photo with men wearing Proud Boys gear and holding their hands in a white power salute.
Led by long time NAACP President George Rutherford, upwards of 100 county residents have protested before and during county commission meetings through the summer.
It’s very hard for many of us to understand why the county commission would not be happy to condemn hate. Their refusal to act is evidence of a deeper problem of a county commission acting or refusing to act against domestic terrorism and racism.
What does that say about our county leadership?
Our county commission is dramatically changing how emergency services are delivered in Jefferson County with a top-down process that hasn’t recognized our volunteer lifesavers and firefighters as critical and crucial to saving lives. The fact that the county paid $40,000 of our tax money for a PR firm to tell us to support the county plan is a failure of the process for making public policy. Millions of dollars will be moved and spent to expand county government and minimize volunteerism by county commissioners who claim to want smaller government.
Amendments put on the ballot by a GOP legislative majority would centralize more power in the laps of the legislature.
Wake up and watch out when any branch of government tries to give itself more power.
It is evidence of the strength of America’s spirit of democracy that again at election time we are reminding one another over and over to go vote.
That democratic strength is desperately needed at this moment when the structure and foundation of the American government has been challenged for the first time since the Civil War.
One of the bedrock fundamentals of American democracy is the peaceful transfer of power from one administration/president to the next duly elected president. Our last president blew that tradition up with a coup d’état attempt and a violent insurrection and riot at our nation’s Capital.
Every single one of our votes is an affirmation of our belief in democracy, our trust in the will of the people. Now, as much as ever, we must vote.
Some of our own neighbors talk way too casually about the possibilities of civil war. This land we stand on has carried the feet and blood of a civil war for greater freedom. The steady expansion of freedom and Democratic rights is the source of American Exceptionalism. Exercise that Exceptionalism.
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About Those “LA Audio Tapes” and How to Heal Los Angeles: We Have Questions
By Jorge H Rodriguez
The words spoken by several prominent elected Mexican, Latina(@) officials in 2021, and recently revealed on tape, were prejudicial, discriminatory, mean, and hurtful to everyone they were directed at. But they were not expressed by racists, or white supremacists as some people who have written or spoken about this incident have claimed.
We know the social, political history and the core values of Martinez, Cedillo, De Leon and Herrera. Cedillo, along with former Mayor Villaraigosa, and Senator Durazo were all part of CASA, a national immigrant workers’ rights organization, which fought from 1972 to 1986, to gain amnesty for all immigrants in the US with the passing of the 1986 Amnesty IRCA Law signed by then President Reagan. In1994 Cedillo, then the leader of SEIU Local 660, along with the LA Federation of Labor spearheaded the fight against Governor Wilson’s anti-immigrant Proposition 187. All of the elected Mexican/Latina(@) officials participated in the mega immigration marches in 2006, including the now famous “Day Without An Immigrant” on May 1, 2006 where over 1.5 million people marched in the streets of Los Angeles, joined by millions more across the country, against the racist immigration Sensenbrenner Bill.
Cedillo, once called “ONE BILL GIL”, fought for nine years to pass a law giving undocumented workers the right to drive in the state of California. He made it safe for families to take their children to school, to shop, drive to work, to go to playgrounds, and beaches without the fear of being detained and deported.
Kevin De Leon has been an immigrant’s rights defender since his early days in the late 1980’s working at One Stop Immigration. He has been a tremendous fighter for the environment and workers’ rights in California. During De Leon’s time in the Senate, he took on President Trump and his allies on immigration and helped pass landmark legislation establishing sanctuary in the State of California. He became the target of racists and white supremacists throughout the state. He was constantly receiving death threats.
Martinez rose from the streets of the San Fernando Valley becoming a leading force fighting for environmental issues and inclusion of her neglected community in the west valley. She was elected to the LA Board of Education and finally to the Los Angeles City Council; becoming its first Mexican/Latina(@) president.
Ron Herrera has been a champion for working people for over 30 years. He grew up in the West Wilmington, a working-class union family community in the LA Port area of Los Angeles. He began working as a warehouse employee at United Parcel Service (UPS). Then he became a driver, and a Teamsters shop steward. Ron helped lead the largest strike in U.S. history, the 1997 strike of UPS workers which helped to end low-wages for part-time employees. In 2003 Herrera was elected as Secretary-Treasurer of Teamsters Local 396, the largest UPS local in the country. He later became a national leader as the first Mexican/Latino national vice president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He was a key figure in the “Don’t Waste L.A.” campaign uniting environmental, community and labor leaders to create an innovative franchise that increased recycling efforts across Los Angeles and raised industry standards. It was under his leadership that during the Pandemic the LA FED served up bags of food feeding over 350,000 working families and community members throughout the LA region creating an inclusive and innovative labor movement for all workers.
The ignorant words used in the conversation they were having should not take away from all the important civil rights work and things they have fought for. Fights and programs that have advanced the wellbeing of women, immigrants, and working people in California, the City of Los Angeles, and the country. Cesar Chavez once called immigrants “Illegal Aliens” and “Wetbacks”, “Those Wets” during a congressional hearing.” Chavez later colluded with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to deport immigrants during a strike. He is still looked upon with admiration for the things he did. Why should these leaders be treated any different? This incident does not define them.
What key elements have not been written about in the heated debate taking place in the Los Angeles right now?
As Bill Gallegos and Bill Fletcher Jr. Point out in their excellent article: The Racial Volcano Explodes in Los Angeles Portside.org, the issue of representation is still the elephant in the room. The LA Times has framed the issue as one strictly of racism and fomented the idea of division among Angelenos. Yet the demographics of LA show clearly how under-represented communities are in the halls of power; for instance Mexicans/Latina(@)s make up about 48% of the city’s residents and only have 26.6%% representation on the LA City Council. The current three black city council districts, 8, 9,10, were left unchanged during the redistricting process in LA. So all this postering and talk about anti-black is “JUST NOT TRUE”. The discussion centered around the future of these districts where Mexican/Latina(@) and Black populations are heading in opposite directions – Mexican/Latina(@) are increasing and Blacks are moving out – especially in the 9th.
Let’s be honest, all the LA city council members have discussions about their, and their supporters, interests now and in the future. We need to address the issue of equitable representation so governmental reflects the residents and living patterns of LA.
With just four weeks before election day, the timing of this year-old audio is no coincidence. Why did whoever released the audio wait a year to make it public? It’s a calculated attempt to damage the important electoral work being taken up by the LA Federation of Labor. Headed by Ron Herrera, the LA Fed had built, and was about to send hundreds of union workers to phone banks, and precincts to knock on doors to ensure voters could and would vote.
The audio’s release was also a deliberate attack on the Mexican/Latin(@) community, an attempt to undermine the political leadership and influence of their elected officials. Mexicans/Latina(@) are already underrepresented in the city council, board of supervisors and the board of education. The vacancies that are expected in the coming days will leave an even bigger vacuum of leadership over our community while poverty and a lack of services remain, unreported in the media stampede to create inflammatory headlines.
We need to continue to work to combat our community’s prejudices against people of color.
The solidarity of our communities dates back to the times when Mexicans helped enslaved Africans cross Texas into Mexico to escape slavery. In the 1930s Black, Latin@, and white seamstresses where organized by Guatemalan labor organizer and civil rights activist Luisa Moreno. That solidarity is as true today as it was then. We must continue the work of eradicating our own self-loathing of our indigenous people. We can’t permit this type of thinking at all.
The audio release was further intended to open historical wounds of indigenous peoples of Mexico and the US who have traditionally not been represented in the halls of government. The comments about them were mean and a reminder that Oaxacans, like all indigenous people, are objectified and treated as if they are invisible. It is also a reminder that indigenous peoples in the US are rendered invisible in the media, totally omitted on coverage of issues of white supremacy and racism, police brutality, health, the environment, and the current crisis of the disappearance and murder of indigenous women and girls.
This was also an effort to drive a wedge and mistrust between Black and Brown communities who have worked for decades to form strong and meaningful alliances. In the last 20 years the LA Fed has played a historical role, helping build mutual trust and a working alliance around issues affecting both communities. In workplaces where race, ethnicity and gender are often used by bosses to divide workers on the job and off. The LA Fed, through its unions, has pushed for equality of pay and opportunity, strengthening workers’ rights on the job and improving the communities in which they live. Of course, work remains to be done. We still need to strengthen the bonds of our communities and those of other people of color in LA.
While the timing of the release raises questions, we must not forget to ask: Who benefits? Why was it made? Who released the audio? Who made it? What was their goal?
A broader question for LA is: Do we really want to heal? Or do we just want to be punitive?
In order to heal we need to expose the real efforts and intent of those behind the leak. Only when this is done will we be able to regain the trust between our communities and among all Angelenos.
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Peak Season for Action at Amazon
By Rand Wilson and Peter Olney
Could this November see the biggest coordinated international day of action at Amazon yet?
Although Thanksgiving is a unique U.S. holiday, the day after—known as “Black Friday”—is celebrated in many countries as the opening of the Christmas shopping season. In Italy, for example, merchants offer Black Friday discounts that fill their stores with the same bargain-hungry shoppers as in the U.S.
That’s why three Italian trade union federations chose it as a strategic day in 2017 to strike Amazon’s million-square-foot distribution center in Castel San Giovanni, near Piacenza in Northern Italy.
The San Giovanni facility opened in 2015. Two years later, half of the 1,650 permanent “Blue Badge” employees struck on Black Friday. While there had been some previous job actions at Amazon in Germany, this was one of the first Amazon strikes in Europe, or, in fact, anywhere.
Amazon spokespersons insisted that the strike was only 10 percent of the workforce because they love to undercount and because they factored in the 2,000 “Green Badge” employees—short-term and seasonal workers—who mostly came to work. Nevertheless, the company agreed to negotiate with the unions the following Monday.
Then management canceled negotiations and sought to reschedule the meeting unilaterally for the following January. The unions warned there would be more actions if there were no substantive face-to-face discussions by December 6. In a victory for the unions, on December 5, Amazon management agreed to meet and subsequently bargained improvements in working conditions.
The Italian actions and later Amazon strikes in Germany and Poland were hugely inspirational to us (in fact Peter Olney was in Italy during the Castel San Giovanni strike). We believed they would help motivate more worker organizing in the U.S. and thus began urging young activists to get jobs at Amazon.
COALITION TARGETS AMAZON
Since 2017, coordinated international actions targeting Amazon have increased. In 2019, UNI Global Union and Progressive International launched Make Amazon Pay, a coalition uniting over 70 trade unions, civil society organizations, environmentalists, and tax watchdogs. The coalition’s unifying demands are that Amazon pay its workers fairly and respect their right to join unions, pay its fair share of taxes, and commit to real environmental sustainability.
Last November, peak season actions took place in 25 countries around the world. However, past participation by unions and organizations in the U.S. has been modest at best.
The organizing successes at Amazon facilities—including winning a National Labor Relations Board vote at a Staten Island Fulfillment Center in April—and the numerous walkouts over pay and conditions in Amazon facilities from Maryland to California reflects a new spirit of labor militancy in the U.S. Building on that opportunity, UNI Global recently convened a meeting of rank-and-file Amazon organizers and union leaders to begin planning for Black Friday actions in the U.S. We hope this will lead to high-profile walkouts and rallies targeting U.S. Amazon facilities on November 25.
In addition to the substantial increase in worker organizing at Amazon, other factors could contribute to broader support and participation in U.S. Black Friday actions this year:
- The Teamsters have already begun a contract campaign for their 340,000 members at UPS;
- Members of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), the West Coast dockworkers union, are working without a contract as negotiations continue with the Pacific Maritime Association;
- Railroad workers are voting on national agreements bargained with the big freight railroads. The membership of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees, the third largest rail union, just voted to reject the contract and could strike as early as November 19. Votes in the two largest unions, representing engineers and conductors, are pending. If members vote to reject these agreements, it could lead to a dramatic work stoppage affecting the 40 percent of U.S. GNP that travels on rail;
- The increased support for unions generally—thanks to the courageous organizing by Starbucks and Amazon workers, prominent strikes by Nabisco, Frito-Lay, Kellogg’s, and John Deere workers, and the respect for the role of essential workers during the pandemic—means that Black Friday protests will be perceived as part of a much broader labor movement.
Could these combined developments lead to a “Peak Season” moment when logistics workers at many companies across the entire sector take action together? Imagine Teamster drivers and warehouse workers protesting at UPS barns, then marching to nearby Amazon facilities to support walkouts by workers there. Or dockworkers and railroad workers taking their message to workers at intermodal facilities that handle Amazon freight. Or thousands of warehouse and delivery workers at smaller companies using Black Friday as a strategic opportunity to dramatize their power in the supply chain and begin forming their own unions.
While much of the above may only be a dream for this November, it’s the direction that the labor movement is headed in. For now, it’s realistic to envision U.S.-based peak season actions dovetailing nicely with Make Amazon Pay activities around the world. Logistics workers of the world, unite!
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This piece is also running in Labor Notes
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Review: Our Veterans: Winners, Losers, Friends, and Enemies on the New Terrain of Veterans Affairs
By Kim Scipes
This country is really good at sending young people off to war, killing people, animals, plants and the environment overall while destroying buildings and highways, and disrupting people’s lives and societies wherever the US invades. The US has turned this into an art form. What they haven’t done well is taking care of the women and men they send to do their dirty work once these servicemembers return from the field of battle; or even from their term of “service.” This new book by Suzanne Gordon, Steve Early, and Jasper Craven does an excellent job of pulling the covers back and illuminating the governmental disservice to these veterans.
This book gets behind all of the “Yankee Doodle Dandy” bullshit that is propagated throughout our society about military service. The military picks on young people who often want desperately to contribute to the well-being of our society, to make it better, and who think military service is a noble cause, as well as those living in economically devastated areas and who are willing to do almost anything to get out and be able to (ultimately) try to get another shot at life. The key thing to note is the emphasis on young people: they want to get to them before they learn to think critically about what they are being told, and before they figure out that they have options otherwise that they may not have known about or even considered. (Increase the minimum age of enlistment to 21, for example, from 18 or 17 with parental approval, and I’ll all-but-guarantee that enlistment rates plummet; free college education for all would have a similar effect.)
The strength of this book is the clear thinking behind it. Most importantly, for which I’m extremely grateful, is that they recognize that “veterans” are not just a bunch of flag-waving “patriots” that don’t have a brain in their head. Yes, there are some like that. Military service affects each person who survives it; some say it was the best time of their lives, while others recognize they have had their desire to improve life to be distorted, instead causing great pain and suffering to wherever the US sent them. Add in a suicide rate averaging 22 veterans a day, along with massive amounts of alcohol and drug abuse, and you see the human cost to many of the US’s veterans. The key thing to recognize, however, is that “veterans” are not a monolithic group.
And “Veterans of all types experience higher-than-average rates of joblessness, homelessness, chronic pain, mental illness, and substance abuse.” Approximately one-in-three women veterans are survivors of military sexual trauma from their military “comrades.” “These problems,” the authors note, “were particularly acute among former enlisted men and women who returned to poor and working-class communities slow to recover from the great recession of 2007 and 2008.”
This is worse than for previous veterans: 44 percent of today’s veterans are suffering re-integration problems, as compared to 25 percent previously.
The thing the authors make clear is that military service itself, excluding combat, is dangerous. This begins in boot camp, when the military tries to break down and then re-establish one’s personality; this varies with branch of the military, with the Marines being the most determined to build a “new” you. Again, varying with branch, physical punishment is a key component in this process, whether direct physical attack or the work of “motivation platoons,” where the insistent digging and refiling and digging and refilling deep holes in the ground while incessantly being screamed at by a charming “drill instructor” who helps convey the message that you better get with their program—or you will continue to “pay” for your failure to comprehend.
Beyond that, many of the jobs that service people have to perform are inherently dangerous, whether driving a tank or a truck over imposing physical obstacles, firing artillery, or working on war planes, with screaming jet engines, live ammunition, and active ordinance, including rockets and bombs: what could possibly go wrong? Service at sea also brings additional hazards for those in the Navy and Coast Guard, as well as for those who fly.
And then combat accentuates these dangers to the nth degree: not a single combat veteran I’ve ever met has come out unscathed, and many survivors have taken years to get themselves back together, if they ever do.
The US Government has an agency, the VA or “Veterans’ Administration,” that is supposed to provide medical resources to help veterans overcome whatever they experienced in the military when they present themselves for treatment. The authors point out that, when fully resourced, the VA generally does an excellent job of serving veterans. Their treatment of physical injuries is deemed quite good, and while it varies between facilities, the VA seems to be dealing better with mental health-related issues over time; it took multiple veteran occupations of VA facilities during the Vietnam War to get the VA to begin to address the issues of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since many of the VA employees are veterans themselves, it shows that veterans in VA facilities can often get more sympathetic help than they can in most “civilian” facilities.
The problem, however, is tied to the phrase “when fully resourced.” The government has never fully funded the VA, and in fact, Congress has been channeling significant amounts of money away from the VA, supposedly to improving services for veterans—especially those physically distant from VA facilities—but have done this in a way that has undercut the VA itself and its ability to provide support for veterans in general.
Challenging the attacks, the authors argue that the VA is so good—when fully resourced that it serves as a model for the entire country, showing how a single-payer system could/should work. This is important. In fact, they point out that something around 70 percent of all medical residencies in the country are carried out in VA facilities today, and that the VA served as a back-up medical system for when our medical system was overwhelmed by the COVID pandemic.
These political attacks have been given “cover” by a number of right-wing veterans serving in the House and Senate, as well as conservatives in office who cannot wave the flag enough, the “uber-patriots,” many of whom avoided serving, but who work desperately to deny the impact of their own decisions, effectively they don’t give a shit about veterans.
Gordon, Early, and Craven deplore this, and detail what is really going on behind the flag-waving. Interestingly, they point out that most of the right-wing veterans were officers, and that we must not conflate their efforts with those of enlisted personnel who have often borne the brunt of officers’ decisions.
The strength of this book is its honesty about the whole field of military service and its effects on those who survive it; as well as, those who don’t. The authors demonstrate through this, and previous activities, their concerns for the well-being of those who have served. Their writing is straight-forward, clear, and honest.
However, I have two criticisms. First, I think they delve into the veterans’ world more deeply than many would on their own. To be honest, it can be very depressing to learn a what goes on with veterans’ groups, many who, despite their stated “missions” and their rhetoric, work against addressing real needs and concerns of veterans. This is even worse when their actions provide “cover” for the right-wing who use veterans’ groups positions to justify their own.
Second, and my larger and more important critique, begins with the cover photo and title of the book, and extends beyond. I don’t like the cover and title! In my opinion, these are not “our” veterans; they are the veterans and victims of the US Empire. “We” didn’t send them to Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, or any of the other place around the world where they’ve been sent, political leaders, both Democrats and Republicans, sent them. These “leaders” bear responsibility for this, as is their failure to care of these men and women after their return home.
I don’t think sufficient attention has been paid in this book to explaining and understanding the US Empire: while these political leaders suggest our country and the Empire are the same, the reality is that they are not. The United States is our country, where we live, but the US Empire includes everywhere in the world that the US seeks to dominate. Our country is not at risk from others, despite all of the propaganda; the US Empire is at risk. If the political leaders want to defend the US Empire, let THEM do it. As Phil Ochs said, “I ain’t marching anymore!”
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Our Veterans: Winners, Losers, Friends, and Enemies on the New Terrain of Veterans Affairs
By Suzanne Gordon, Steve Early, and Jasper Craven
Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2022. ISBN: 978-1-4780-1854-4 (paper), $24.95
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